72 A albatrosses 34, 51 alula 10–11 anatomy 6–7, 8–9 ants 21 Archaeopteryx 6 aricaras 23 avocets 39 B babies 56–57, 58–59 Barman, Purnima Devi 47 beaks 29, 36–37 binoculars 63 birds of paradise 18, 29 birds of prey 32, 40, 67 birdwatching 62–63 blackbirds 22, 36, 47, 53 blackcaps 39 blue tits 58–59 body feathers 22, 26 Bond, Alexander 41 bones 6–7, 8, 11 boobies 29 budgerigars 27 buntings 47 bustards 25, 26 buzzards 17, 40, 53 C camouflage 30–31 capercallies 38 chaffinches 36, 46 coastlines 62, 69 contour feathers 22 coots 33, 41 cormorants 40 courtship 26, 28–29 covert feathers 11, 18, 24 Craig, Mya-Rose 62 crossbills 19 crows 6–7, 24, 32, 34, 52 diets 41, 42 cuckoos 53 cup nests 46–47 curlews 25, 27, 36, 51 D da Vinci, Leonardo 10 diets 38–39, 40–41, 42–43 garden birds 61 digestive systems 8 dinosaurs 6 displays 18–19, 28–29 divers 51 dodos 6 doves 12, 38 down feathers 22, 26 ducks 15, 25, 37, 66 eggs and hatching 50, 56–57 dust 21 E eagles 32, 53, 67 ears 35 eggs 50–55, 56–57 egrets 21 elephant birds 55 embryos 56 emus 55 eyes 35 F falcons 14, 42 feathers 8, 20–23, 26 collecting 62 tails 18–19, 27 wings 10–11, 24–25 feet 32–33 filoplumes 20 finches 12, 33, 38, 52 fishing 40–41 flamingos 22, 23, 25, 37, 66 flanged feet 33 fledglings 59 flight 9, 12–17 feathers 10–11, 21 see also wings flightless birds 17, 54–55, 66 flippers 17 footprints 33 forests 69 forked tails 19 frigate birds 29 fulmars 51 G game birds 67 gannets 40–41 garden birds 60–61 geese 15, 22, 33, 38, 66 gliding 16 grebes 29, 51 Griffith, Simon 57 grouse 13, 38, 52 feathers 18–19, 22, 23 growth 20, 58–59 guillemots 50 guinea fowls 22, 23 gulls 16, 23, 37, 50 H habitats 39, 62, 68–69 hatching 56–57 herons 9, 21, 40, 51, 66 hoopoes 39, 67 hovering 16 hummingbirds 29, 54 hunting 35, 40–41 IJK identification 62, 66–67, 69 intelligence 34 invertebrate-eaters 39, 41 jackdaws 52 jays 21, 24, 25, 41 kestrels 16, 27, 37, 53, 67 kingfishers 14 kiwis 55 LMN Laybourne, Roxie 23 Leonardo da Vinci 10 lories 22, 26 lovebirds 67 lyrebirds 28 macaws 67 feathers 20, 22, 23, 24, 26 magpies 19, 27, 41 mallards 25, 27 meat-eaters 37, 40 migration 15 moorhens 33, 50 national parks 68 necks 9 nest boxes 60 nestlings 58–59 nests 44–49 Nevitt, Gabrielle 35 nightingales 47, 52 nightjars 31, 35, 53 nocturnal birds 40 O orioles 23, 48, 52, 67 ospreys 53 ostriches 54, 66 owls 12, 32, 35, 40, 52 feathers 10–11, 24, 25, 27 pellets 42–43 oystercatchers 39 P parakeets 23 parrots 37, 49, 67 feathers 22, 26, 27 peacocks 22–23, 26, 27, 28 pellets 42–43, 63 penguins 17 perching birds 32, 33, 67 peregrine falcons 14 phalarope 28 pheasants 13, 38, 67 feathers 22, 26, 27 photography 63 pigeons 12, 18, 22, 38, 52 plant-eaters 38 plovers 30, 51 plumage 20–21 pouches 29 preening 21 primary flight feathers 10 ptarmigans 31 pterosaurs 6 puffins 29 R rails 59 ravens 34 remiges 23, 24 reticles 22 rheas 17, 66 rollers 12 rooks 25 rosellas 23 rump feathers 18 S Schroeder, Julia 58 secondary flight feathers 11 senses 34–35 shaft (feather) 20 shorebirds 67 skeletons 6–7, 8, 34 snipes 34–35 soaring 17 songbirds 42, 46 sparrowhawks 32, 53 speed 14 split feathers 20 spoonbills 66 starlings 24, 43 storks 47 swans 24, 66 TV tails 18–19 feathers 18, 22, 27 talons 32 teals 26 terns 50, 67 tertiary flight feathers 11 thrushes 32, 39, 46 tits 49, 52, 58–59, 60, 67 tracks 33 tropical forests 69 turkeys 23, 25, 26 vision 35 vultures 8, 53 W wading birds 33, 35, 36, 42, 66 eggs 50–51 wagtails 32, 45 warblers 39, 49, 52 watching birds 62–63 waterfowl 33, 66 weavers 48, 49 webbed feet 33 wetlands 68 wings 10–11, 12–17 feathers 23, 24–25 see also flight woodcocks 30, 36, 51, 59 woodlands 69 woodpeckers 13, 19, 32, 39, 53 feathers 23, 24, 26 The publisher would like to thank the following people for their help with making the book: Phyilip Amies; the staff of the Natural History Department, City of Bristol Museum; the staff of the British Museum Natural History at Tring; Martin Brown of the Wildfowl Trust, Slimbridge, & Rosemary Crawford for their advice & invaluable help in providing specimens; Steve Parker & Anne-Marie Bulat for their work on the initial stages of the book; Fred Ford & Mike Pilley of Radius Graphics, & Ray Owen & Nick Madren for artwork; Tanvi Sahu and Adarsh Tripathi for design assistance; Tim Hammond and Aman Kumar for editoral assistance; Hazel Beynon for proofreading; and Elizabeth Wise for the index. Publisher’s note: No bird has been injured or in any way harmed during the preparation of this book. For the previous edition, the publisher would also like to thank: the author for assisting with revisions; Claire Bowers, David Ekholm–JAlbum, Sunita Gahir, Joanne Little, Nigel Ritchie, Susan St Louis, Carey Scott, & Bulent Yusuf for the clipart; David Ball, Neville Graham, Rose Horridge, Joanne Little, & Sue Nicholson for the wallchart; BCP, Marianne Petrou, & Owen Peyton Jones for checking the digitized files. The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their images: (a=above, b=below/bottom, c=centre, f=far, l=left, r=right, t=top) Alamy Stock Photo: All Canada Photos / Glen Bartley 16cl (cb), Associated Press / Anupam Nath 47tr, Avalon.red / John Shaw 69tc, blickwinkel / Carrasco 32tc, blickwinkel / fotototo 20c, Cathy & Gordon Illg / Jaynes Gallery / DanitaDelimont.com 68bl, Andrew Darrington 32tr, David Tipling Photo Library 62-63t, Daybreak Imagery 61r, Eureka 56crb, Peter J. Hatcher 60tr, Denis-Huot Michel / Hemis. fr 21r, Dozier Marc / Hemis.fr 64br, David Hosking 49bc, Imagebroker / Arco / G. Lacz 2c, imageBROKER.com GmbH & Co. KG / Winfried Schfer 46tl, Len Collection 23cra, Alan Murphy / BIA / Minden Pictures 10tl, D. Parer & E. Parer-Cook / Minden Pictures 28bl, Douglas Herr / BIA / Minden Pictures 19cra, Konrad Wothe / Minden Pictures 8-9c, Natural History Museum, London 6tl, Nature Photographers Ltd / PAUL R. STERRY 51bl, Nature Picture Library / Alan Williams 68cr, Nature Picture Library / Bence Mate 40cra, Nature Picture Library / Colin Varndell 12cl, Nature Picture Library / Connor Stefanison 15crb, Nature Picture Library / Kim Taylor 4tl, 13tl, 32bc, Nature Picture Library / Sergey Gorshkov 18-19b, Nature Picture Library / Wild Wonders of Europe / Varesvu 12cb, North Wind Picture Archives 10bc, Our Wild Life Photography 19crb, Panther Media GmbH / Kiefer 17bc, Kumud Parajuli 48l, Premium Stock Photography GmbH / Willi Rolfes 16-17t, Prisma Archivo 10cl, Malcolm Schuyl 21bc, 64cla, Roger Harris / Science Photo Library 6clb, Sebastian 64ca, Graham Turner 63clb, Ian West 30cla, ZSSD / Minden Pictures 34bc; Alex Bond: 41tr; Ardea London: Tony & Liz Bomfod 14mr; Bridgeman Art Library: 13tr; 28tr; 52t; 61b; Bruce Coleman Ltd: 64cl; Johnny Johnson 65bl; Gordon Langsbury 13b; 14b; Allan G. Ports 69tr; Robert Wilmshurst 15b; Dorling Kindersley: Andrew Beckett (Illustration Ltd) 36ca; Dreamstime.com: Stuart Andrews 12cr, Harry Collins 14cla, David Herraez 17crb, Karin59 67crb, Johannes Gerhardus Swanepoel 66cl; Gabrielle Nevitt: Terry ODwyer 35cra; Getty Images: 500px Prime / Gerhard Kummer 13cra, Geoff Caddick / AFP 62bc, imageBROKER / Friedhelm Adam 19tl, imageBROKER / Gilles Barbier 36-37c, Moment / Gary Mayes 28-29c, Moment Open / Jill Ferry 69cl, The Image Bank / Winfried Wisniewski 12bl; Getty Images / iStock: Adrian Coleman 19ca, pum_eva 13cb; Gables: 66–67bkg, 70–71bkg; Simon Griffith: 57cra; Sonia Halliday: 60tr. Robert Harding: Brian Hawkes 47t; Frank Lane Picture Agency: 12bl, 14m, 16t, 29t, ml, 33b, 35tr, 37mr, bl, tl, 46m, 47m, 60tl, m, 63; R. Austing 32 br; C. Carvalho 17t; J.K. Fawcett 12mr; T. & P. Gardner 21bl; John Hawkins 13tl; 19tl; 35m; Peggy Heard 61m; R. Jones 17m; Derek A. Robinson 8m, 47b; H. Schrempp 32bl; Roger Tidman 36tr; B.S. Turner 42t; R. Van Tidman 37br; John Watkins/ Tidman 33ml; Robert Wilmshurst/ Tidman 12 br; 46t; 49t; W. Wisniewski/ Tidman 37ml; J. Zimmermann/ Tidman 31tr; 36b; Mansell Collection: 6t, 10ml; 34t; 54; Mary Evans Picture Library: 6bl, br; 9tr, mr; 10t, mr, b; 20bl; 24t; 26t; 30mr; 32m; 36t, mr; 38t; 41t; 54tl, tr, bl; 56t; 58b; naturepl. com: Guy Edwardes 12bc, 37tc, Orsolya Haarberg 32bl, Andy Sands 36crb, Phil Savoie 29tc, Kim Taylor 13ca, Markus Varesvuo 34tr; Natural History Museum: 70cl, cr, bl, 71ca, bl; NHPA: Bruce Beehler 64br; G.I. Bernard 21ml, mr; Manfred Danegger 13m; Hellio & Van Ingen 40b; Michael Leach 34m; Crimson Rosella 69tl; Jonathan and Angela Scott 64c; Philip Wayre 19br; Alan Williams 68cr; OceanwideImages.com: Chris & Monique Fallows 40-41b; Oxford Scientific Films: Richard Herrmann 68bc; Ronald Toms 68tl; Pickthall Library: 15t; Planet Earth Pictures: A.P. Barnes 15m; Press-Tige Pictures: 12mr; Julia Schroeder: 58tr; Science Photo Library: Sinclair Stammers 6m, Dennis Kunkel Microscopy 20ca; Shutterstock.com: Bplanet 63br, Luka Hercigonja 63bl, Hitesh Jain 14-15t South of England Rare Breed Centre: 66crb; Survival Anglia: Jen & Des Bartlett 54br; Jeff Foott 31mr; Alan Williams: 71tl; Jerry Young: 66tl. Wallchart: DK Images : Natural History Museum, London ca, crb, tr; Alamy Stock Photo: Eureka crb (Duck), Dreamstime.com: Johannes Gerhardus Swanepoel bl (Ostrich) All other images © Dorling Kindersley Acknowledgments Index